Canon 50mm f/1.0 L vs. Canon RF 50mm F1.2 L USM

Pick the 50mm f/1 if you want about 20% more background blur, pick the 50mm f/1.2 if you want closer focus. Compare both side by side.

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Portrait At-a-Glance Comparison (Upper Body Framing)

Optical & Portrait Metric Canon 50mm f/1.0 L Canon RF 50mm F1.2 L USM What It Means in Practice
Upper-Body Working Distance 2.01 m 2.01 m Identical working distance—both frame an upper-body portrait from the exact same spot.
Background Field of View (Compression) 40° 39° Identical 40° horizontal background view behind the subject.
Entrance Pupil Diameter 50.0 mm (f/1) 41.7 mm (f/1.2) Distant background blur discs are 20% larger on the Canon 50mm f/1.0 L.
Corner Bokeh Roundness (90% Field) 59% (-1.1 EV) 41% (-1.5 EV) Canon 50mm f/1.0 L keeps significantly rounder bokeh balls into the corners wide open (59% vs. 41% roundness).
Effective Focal Length (Breathing) 49.3 mm (-1.4%) 50.8 mm (+1.6%) At 2.0 m, Canon 50mm f/1.0 L frames like a 49.3 mm lens while Canon RF 50mm F1.2 L USM frames like a 50.8 mm lens.
Depth of Field (Sharp Zone) 14 cm (1.95 m – 2.09 m) 17 cm (1.93 m – 2.10 m) The Canon 50mm f/1.0 L has a 17% thinner focus zone (14 cm vs. 17 cm)—requiring more precise eye focus.
Minimum Focus Distance 0.6 m 0.4 m Canon RF 50mm F1.2 L USM focuses 20 cm closer (0.6 m vs. 0.4 m) for tighter close-ups.

Questions

Which blurs the background more, Canon 50mm f/1.0 L or Canon RF 50mm F1.2 L USM?

At the same subject framing, distant background blur scales with the entrance pupil diameter (focal length ÷ f-number). Canon 50mm f/1.0 L at f/1 has a 50.0 mm entrance pupil, while Canon RF 50mm F1.2 L USM at f/1.2 has a 41.7 mm entrance pupil.

How does working distance differ between Canon 50mm f/1.0 L and Canon RF 50mm F1.2 L USM?

For an upper-body portrait, Canon 50mm f/1.0 L stands 2.01 m from the subject (sharp zone 14 cm, from 1.95 m to 2.09 m), whereas Canon RF 50mm F1.2 L USM stands 2.01 m away (sharp zone 17 cm, from 1.93 m to 2.10 m).

How do the optical designs of Canon 50mm f/1.0 L and Canon RF 50mm F1.2 L USM compare?

Canon 50mm f/1.0 L uses 11 elements in 9 groups (US4717245A, effective focal length 49.3 mm at portrait distance). Canon RF 50mm F1.2 L USM uses 15 elements in 9 groups (US20190265441A1, effective focal length 50.8 mm).

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Also see: depth of field, bokeh, crop factor, lens compression.