Canon RF 135mm F1.8 L IS USM vs. Canon 135mm f/2 L
Pick the 135mm f/1.8 if you want about 11% more background blur, pick the 135mm f/2 if you want less background blur. Compare both side by side.
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Questions
Which blurs the background more, Canon RF 135mm F1.8 L IS USM or Canon 135mm f/2 L?
At the same subject framing, distant background blur scales with the entrance pupil diameter (focal length ÷ f-number). Canon RF 135mm F1.8 L IS USM at f/1.8 has a 75.0 mm entrance pupil, while Canon 135mm f/2 L at f/2 has a 67.5 mm entrance pupil.
How does working distance differ between Canon RF 135mm F1.8 L IS USM and Canon 135mm f/2 L?
For an upper-body portrait, Canon RF 135mm F1.8 L IS USM stands 5.40 m from the subject (sharp zone 25 cm, from 5.28 m to 5.53 m), whereas Canon 135mm f/2 L stands 5.40 m away (sharp zone 28 cm, from 5.27 m to 5.55 m).
How do the optical designs of Canon RF 135mm F1.8 L IS USM and Canon 135mm f/2 L compare?
Canon RF 135mm F1.8 L IS USM uses 17 elements in 12 groups (US20230213745A1, effective focal length 132.7 mm at portrait distance). Canon 135mm f/2 L uses 10 elements in 8 groups (JP2018-049102A, effective focal length 138.8 mm).
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Also see: depth of field, bokeh, crop factor, lens compression.