Canon RF 85mm F1.2 L USM vs. Canon 85mm f/1.8

Pick the 85mm f/1.2 if you want about 50% more background blur, pick the 85mm f/1.8 if you want a wider field of view. Compare both side by side.

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Portrait At-a-Glance Comparison (Upper Body Framing)

Optical & Portrait Metric Canon RF 85mm F1.2 L USM Canon 85mm f/1.8 What It Means in Practice
Upper-Body Working Distance 3.41 m 3.41 m Identical working distance—both frame an upper-body portrait from the exact same spot.
Background Field of View (Compression) 23° 24° Identical 23° horizontal background view behind the subject.
Entrance Pupil Diameter 70.8 mm (f/1.2) 47.2 mm (f/1.8) Distant background blur discs are 50% larger on the Canon RF 85mm F1.2 L USM.
Corner Bokeh Roundness (90% Field) 44% (-1.3 EV) 84% (-0.2 EV) Canon 85mm f/1.8 keeps significantly rounder bokeh balls into the corners wide open (84% vs. 44% roundness).
Effective Focal Length (Breathing) 88.4 mm (+4.0%) 86.0 mm (+1.1%) At 3.4 m, Canon RF 85mm F1.2 L USM frames like a 88.4 mm lens while Canon 85mm f/1.8 frames like a 86.0 mm lens.
Depth of Field (Sharp Zone) 17 cm (3.33 m – 3.49 m) 25 cm (3.29 m – 3.54 m) The Canon RF 85mm F1.2 L USM has a 33% thinner focus zone (17 cm vs. 25 cm)—requiring more precise eye focus.
Minimum Focus Distance 0.85 m 0.85 m Both lenses share the same 0.85 m close-focus limit.

Questions

Which blurs the background more, Canon RF 85mm F1.2 L USM or Canon 85mm f/1.8?

At the same subject framing, distant background blur scales with the entrance pupil diameter (focal length ÷ f-number). Canon RF 85mm F1.2 L USM at f/1.2 has a 70.8 mm entrance pupil, while Canon 85mm f/1.8 at f/1.8 has a 47.2 mm entrance pupil.

How does working distance differ between Canon RF 85mm F1.2 L USM and Canon 85mm f/1.8?

For an upper-body portrait, Canon RF 85mm F1.2 L USM stands 3.41 m from the subject (sharp zone 17 cm, from 3.33 m to 3.49 m), whereas Canon 85mm f/1.8 stands 3.41 m away (sharp zone 25 cm, from 3.29 m to 3.54 m).

How do the optical designs of Canon RF 85mm F1.2 L USM and Canon 85mm f/1.8 compare?

Canon RF 85mm F1.2 L USM uses 14 elements in 9 groups (US20200012073A1, effective focal length 88.4 mm at portrait distance). Canon 85mm f/1.8 uses 9 elements in 7 groups (JP H05-157964A, effective focal length 86.0 mm).

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Also see: depth of field, bokeh, crop factor, lens compression.